胚胎学相关英语词汇(2)

呼吸窘迫综合征 respiratory distress syndrome肺膨胀不全 atelectasis透明膜病 hyaline membrane disease单侧肺不发生 unilateral pulmonary agenesis异位肺叶 ectopic lung lobe先天性肺囊肿 congenital pulmonary cyst原始体腔 primitive body cavity围心腔 pricardial coelom 又称“心周腔”。体腔管 coelomic duct胸腹膜管 pleuroperitoneal canal胸腹隔膜 pleuroperitoneal membrane胸心包隔膜 pleuropericardial membrane心包胸膜管 pericardiopleural canal胸腹膜孔 pleuroperitoneal opening原始系膜 primitive mesentery腹系膜 ventral mesentery背系膜 dorsal mesentery食管系膜 mesoesophagus胃背系膜 dorsal mesogastrium胃腹系膜 ventral mesogastrium原始横隔 septum transversum(拉 )心下囊 infracardiac bursa原始小网膜囊 primitive lesser sac胸腹裂孔 pleuroperitoneal foramen, bochdalek foramen 又称“博赫达勒克孔”。由先天性膈疝形成的孔，多在左侧。胸骨后疝 retrosternal hernia胸肋裂孔 sternocostal hiatus 胸骨后疝的孔，由膈肌发育不全引起。先天性食管裂孔疝 congenital esophageal hiatal hernia先天性上腹壁疝 congenital epigastric hernia先天性心包缺损 congenital pericardial defects活动性结肠 mobile colon肠系膜裂孔疝 mesenteric hiatal hernia先天性膈疝 congenital diaphragmatic hernia肾发生 nephrogenesis生肾节 nephrotome, nephromere原肾 pronephros 又称“前肾”。原肾管 pronephric duct 又称“前肾管”。原肾小管 pronephric tubule 又称“前肾小管”。内肾小球 internal glomerulus 原肾发生过程中，背主动脉的分支与内陷的肾小管壁构成的一种结构。外肾小球 external glomerulus生肾索 nephrogenic cord 原肾发生过程中，背主动脉的分支与内陷的体腔壁构成的一种结构。尿生殖嵴 urogenital ridge尿生殖[嵴]系膜 urogenital mesentery中肾 mesonephros,mesonephridium中肾管 mesonephric duct,wolffian duct 又称“沃尔夫管”。中肾小管 mesonephric tubule中肾小球 mesonephric glomerulus后肾 metanephros,metanephridium生后肾原基 metanephrogenic blastema后肾组织帽 metanephric tissue cap肾泡 renal vesicle 又称“肾囊”。输尿管芽 ureteric bud, ureteric deverticulum 又称“输尿管憩室”。肾缺如 renal agenesis,agenesis of kidney 又称“肾不发生”。无肾小球肾 aglomerular kidney多囊肾 polycystic kidney马蹄肾 horseshoe kidney分叶肾 lobulated kidney盘状肾 discoid kidney重[复]肾 double kidney额外肾 supernumerary kidney异位肾 ectopic kidney骨盆肾 pelvic kidney交叉异位肾 crossed ectopic kidney异位输尿管 ectopic ureter输尿管开口异位 ectopic ureteral orifice二裂输尿管 bifid ureter 又称“分叉输尿管”。尿[生]殖窦 urogenital sinus尿[生]殖膜 urogenital membrane泄殖腔存留 persistent cloaca直肠膀胱瘘 rectovesical fistula直肠尿道瘘 rectourethral fistula膀胱阴道瘘 vesicovaginal fistula尿生殖褶 urogenital fold, urethral fold 又称“尿道褶”。尿生殖沟 urogenital groove, urethral groove 又称“尿道沟”。尿生殖板 urogenital plate, urethral plate 又称“尿道板”。 指由尿生殖窦内胚层形成的细胞板,以后发育为尿道海绵体部。尿生殖孔 urogenital opening 尿生殖窦膜破裂后所形成的尿生殖窦与尿道沟之间的孔道。膀胱外翻 ectopia of urinary bladder, extrophy of bladder尿道上裂 epispadia阴茎尿道下裂 penile hypospadia阴茎阴囊尿道下裂 penoscrotal hypospadia会阴尿道下裂 perineal hypospadia尿道阻塞 urethral obstruction副尿道 paraurethra生殖腺 gonad 又称“性腺”。生殖腺发生 gonadogenesis 又称“性腺发生”。生殖[腺]嵴 gonadal ridge, genital ridge 又称“性腺嵴”。原始生殖细胞 primordial germ cell生殖腺索 gonadal cord 又称“性腺索”。生殖索 genital cord曲细精管索 seminiferous cord, testicular cord 又称“睾丸索”、“生精小管索”。初级性索 primary sex cord次级性索 secondary sex cord, cortical cord 又称“皮质索”。睾丸决定基因 testicular determining gene组织相容性y抗原 histocompactibility-y antigen, h-y antigen 简称“h-y抗原”。睾丸引带 gubernaculum testis, gubernacular cord无睾丸 anorchia 又称“无睾症”。异位睾丸 ectopic testis睾丸交叉异位 crossed testicular ectopia无睾畸形 anorchidism隐睾 cryptorchidism, undescended testis旁睾 paradidymis 残留于睾丸输出小管尾侧的中肾小管遗迹。睾丸囊状附件 vesicular appendix of testis 残留于睾丸头侧的中肾旁管遗迹。附睾附件 appendix of epididymis 残留于附睾头侧的中肾管遗迹。睾丸女性化 testicular feminization生殖腺发育不全 gonadal dysgenesis 又称“性腺发育不全”。睾丸发育不全 testicular dysgenesis, testicular hypoplasia无精子发生 aspermatogenesis无精子症 azoospermatism少精子症 oligospermatism鞘突存留 persistent processus vaginalis先天性腹股沟疝 congenital inguinal hernia先天性睾丸发育不全 klinefelter syndrome 又称“克兰费尔特综合征”。先天性卵巢发育不全 turner syndrome 又称“特纳综合征”。肾上腺生殖综合征 adrenogenital syndrome 又称“肾上腺性征综合征”。性嵌合体 sexual mozaic 又称“雌雄嵌合体”。两性同体 hermaphroditism 又称“两性畸形”。真两性同体 true hermaphroditism 又称“真两性畸形”。假两性同体 false hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism 又称“假两性畸形”。女性假两性同体 female pseudohermaphroditism,androgynism 又称“女性假两性畸形”。男性假两性同体 male pseudohermaphroditism 又称“男性假两性畸形”。巨生殖器 macrogenitosomia 又称“生殖器巨大畸形”。性别 sex, sexuality性别决定 sex determination遗传性别 genetic sex性别分化 sex differentiation 又称“性分化”。中肾旁管 paramesonephric duct, müllerian duct 又称“米勒管”。卵巢冠 epoophoron, parovarium(拉) 又称“旁卵巢”。卵巢冠囊状附件 vesicular appendix of epoophoron卵巢旁体 paroophoron 残存于输卵管系膜中的中肾遗迹。加特纳管 gartnerian duct 残存于子宫阔韧带或阴道壁内的中肾管遗迹。卵巢网 rete ovarium(拉) 由初级生殖索在卵巢髓质中形成的网状结构。卵巢不发生 ovarian agenesis卵巢发育不全 ovarian dysgenesis, ovarian hypoplasia子宫阴道原基 uterovaginal primordium, uterovaginal canal 又称“子宫阴道管”。由左、右中肾旁管尾段愈合而形成的“y”形管部分。无子宫 absence of uterus单角子宫 unicornuate uterus双角子宫 bicornuate uterus, uterus bicornis (拉)双子宫 double uterus双角单颈子宫 uterus bicornis unicollis(拉)双口子宫 uterus biforis(拉)双腔子宫 uterus bilocularis, uterus bipartitus(拉)小颈子宫 uterus parvicollis(拉)无颈子宫 uterus acollis(拉)弓形子宫 uterus arcuatus(拉)心形子宫 uterus cordiformis (拉)子宫发育不全 uterine hypoplasia子宫颈闭锁 atresia of cervix输卵管闭锁 atresia of uterine tube副精囊 accessory seminal vesicle生殖隆起 genital swelling, torus genitalis(拉)阴唇阴囊隆起 labioscrotal swelling阴唇隆起 labial swelling阴囊隆起 scrotal swelling生殖结节 genital tubercle窦结节 sinus tubercle, müllerian tubercle 又称“米勒结节”。窦阴道球 sinovaginal bulb 由尿生殖窦长到子宫阴道原基尾端的球状结构。阴道板 vaginal plate囊状附件 vesicular appendage 位于近输卵管伞部的囊状结构，为中肾管头端的遗迹。龟头下裂 glandular hypospadia阴茎发育不全 agenesis of penis二裂阴茎 bifid penis双阴茎 double penis小阴茎 micropenis阴囊后阴茎 retroscrotal penis双阴道 double vagina无阴道 absence of vagina阴道闭锁 atresia of vagina, vaginal atresia直肠阴道隔 recto-vaginal septum直肠阴道瘘 recto-vaginal fistula尿道阴道隔 urethro-vaginal septum血岛 blood island成血管细胞 angioblast成血管层 angioderm血管发生 angiogenesis成血细胞 hemocytoblast 又称“原血细胞”生血管细胞团 angiogenic cell cluster成血管组织 angioblastic tissue心胶质 cardiac jelly心管 cardiac tube生心区 cardiogenic area生心板 cardiogenic plate生心中胚层 cardiogenic mesoderm心肌外套层 myoepicardial mentle心肌外膜网 myoepicardial reticulum心背系膜 dorsal mesocardium静脉窦 sinus venosus(拉)心球 bulbus cordis(拉)心动脉球 bulbus arteriosus cordis (拉)动脉球 bulbus arteriosus(拉)主动脉干 truncus aortae(拉)肺动脉干 pulmonary trunk, truncus pulmonalis(拉)主肺动脉膈 aortico-pulmonary septum球嵴 bulbar ridge球室袢 bulboventricular loop球室沟 bulboventricular sulcus房室沟 atrioventricular groove,avg房室管 atrioventricular canal, avc房室孔 atrioventricular orifice, avo 又称“房室口”。房室瓣 atrioventricular valve, avv窦房瓣 sinoatrial valve窦房孔 sinoatrial orifice第一房间隔 septum primum(拉)第二房间隔 septum secundum(拉)假隔 septum spurium(拉)第一房间孔 foramen primum(拉)第二房间孔 foramen secundum(拉)卵圆孔 foramen ovale(拉)卵圆孔瓣 valve of foramen ovale窦隔 sinus septum(拉)界嵴 crista terminalis(拉)分嵴 crista dividens(拉)室间孔 interventricular foramen室间隔 interventricular septum室间沟 interventricular groove瓣膜隆起 valve swelling室间隔肌部 muscular part of interventricular septum室间隔膜部 membranous part of interventricular septum背主动脉 dorsal aorta腹主动脉 ventral aorta卵黄动脉 vitelline artery脐动脉 umbilical artery弓动脉 aortic arch动脉囊 aortic sac节间动脉 intersegmental artery前主静脉 anterior cardinal vein后主静脉 posterior cardinal vein总主静脉 common cardinal vein, duct of cuvier 又称“居维叶管”。上主静脉 supracardinal vein下主静脉 subcardinal vein卵黄静脉 vitelline vein脐静脉 umbilical vein静脉导管 ductus venosus(拉)静脉韧带 ligamentum venosum(拉)颈淋巴囊 jugular lymph sac髂淋巴囊 iliac lymph sac腹膜后淋巴囊 retroperitoneal lymph sac肺动脉闭锁 pulmonary artery atresia肺动脉狭窄 pulmonary artery stenosis动脉导管未闭 patent ductus arteriosus内脏反位 situs inversus viscerum (拉)主动脉狭窄 aorta stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄 aortic valve stenosis右位心 dextrocardia(拉)体外心 ectopia cordis(拉)房间隔缺损 atrial septal defect室间隔缺损 ventricular septal defect膜性室间隔缺损 membranous septal defect肌性室间隔缺损 muscular septal defect室间隔缺如 absence of the interventricular septum动脉干永存 persistent truncus arteriosus主动脉肺动脉间隔缺损 aortopulmonary septal defect主动脉肺动脉错位 transposition of great vessels动脉干分隔不均 unequal division of truncus arteriosus房室管永存 persistent atrioventricular canal肺动脉瓣狭窄 pulmonary valve stenosis右主动脉弓 right aortic arch双主动脉弓 double aortic arch法洛四联症 tetralogy of fallot法洛三联症 trilogy of fallot三尖瓣闭锁 tricuspid atresia二尖瓣闭锁 mitral atresia卵圆孔未闭 patent oval foramen两腔心 cor biloculare (拉)三腔心 cor triloculare(拉)无心畸形 acardia神经板 neural plate神经沟 neural groove神经褶 neural fold神经管 neural tube神经嵴 neural crest原始脑泡 primary cerebral vesicle前脑 prosencephalon中脑 mesencephalon菱脑 rhombencephalon菱脑峡 rhombencephalic isthmus端脑 telencephalon间脑 diencephalon后脑 metencephalon末脑 myelencephalon 又称“髓脑”。前神经孔 anterior neuropore后神经孔 posterior neuropore神经上皮 neuroepithelium成神经管细胞 medulloblast成[神经]胶质细胞 glioblast,spongioblast 又称“胶质母细胞”。成星形胶质细胞 astrocytoblast 又称“星形胶质母细胞”。成少突胶质细胞 oligodendroblast 又称“少突胶质母细胞”。成神经细胞 neuroblast 又称“神经母细胞”。无极成神经细胞 apolar neuroblast单极成神经细胞 unipolar neuroblast双极成神经细胞 bipolar neuroblast多极成神经细胞 multipolar neuroblast原始室管膜层 primitive ependymal layer室管膜层 ependymal layer套层 mantle layer[边]缘层 marginal layer界沟 sulcus limitans(拉)基板 basal plate翼板 alar plate顶板 roof plate底板 floor plate颈曲 cervical flexure头曲 cephalic flexure中脑曲 mesencephalic flexure脑桥曲 pontine flexure端脑曲 telencephalic flexure菱脑沟 rhombic groove 胚第 4 周出现于菱脑基板的横沟。菱脑节 rhombomere,neuromere 为菱脑沟之间的神经组织。拉特克囊 rathke pouch神经垂体芽 neurohypophyseal bud颅[底]咽管 basipharyngeal canal, craniopharyngeal canal如需转载，请注明来自：fane『翻译中国』颅咽管瘤 craniopharyngioma菱唇 rhombic lip小脑板 cerebellar plate原始脑[脊]膜 primitive meninx内脑[脊]膜 endomeninx外脑[脊]膜 exomeninx脑旁体 paraphysis 为间脑顶板在室间孔尾侧附近伸出的一个突起。原始皮质 primitive cortex, fetal cortex 又称“胎儿皮质”。原皮质 archipallium,archicortex 又称“古皮质”。旧皮质 palaeopallium新皮质 neopallium, neocortex海马始基 hippocampal rudiment神经沟未闭 asyntaxia dorsalis[拉]无脑畸形 anencephaly脑积水 hydrocephalus 又称“水脑”。脑[脊]膜膨出 meningocele脊髓脊膜膨出 meningomyelocele脊髓裂 myeloschisis新小脑发育不全 neocerebellar agenesis脊髓纵裂 diastematomyelia,diastomyelia脑膜脑膨出 meningoencephalocele积水性脑膜脑膨出 meningohydroencephalocele露脑 exencephaly孔洞脑 porencephaly交感成神经细胞 sympathetic neuroblast 又称“交感神经母细胞”。脑过小 microencephaly阿-基氏脑畸形 arnold-chiari malformation 又称“基底压迹综合征”。一种多发性脑畸形。前嗜铬组织 prechromaffin tissue[肾上腺]胎性皮质 fetal cortex, x-zone 又称“x带”。先天性肾上腺皮质增生症 congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia[肾上腺]永久皮质 permanent cortex视［基］板 optic plate,ophthalmic placode视沟 optic groove, optic sulcus视泡 optic vesicle视杯 optic cup视柄 optic stalk视网膜内间隙 intraretinal space脉络膜裂 choroid fissure晶状体［基］板 lens placode晶状体泡 lens vesicle虹膜瞳孔膜 iridopupillary membrane瞳孔膜 pupillary membrane睑裂 coloboma of eyelid, palpebral coloboma 又称“睑缺损”。虹膜裂 coloboma of iris, coloboma iridis(拉) 又称“虹膜缺损”。无虹膜 aniridia(拉)虹膜瞳孔膜存留 persistent iridopupillary membrane瞳孔膜存留 persistent pupillary membrane无晶状体 aphakia小眼 microphthalmia无眼 anophthalmia独眼 cyclopia隐眼 cryptophthalmos, cryptophthalmia先天性青光眼 congenital glaucoma, buphthalmos先天性视网膜剥离 congenital detachment of retina先天性白内障 congenital cataract听［基］板 otic placode听泡 otic vesicle, otocyst 又称“听囊”。咽鼓管鼓室隐窝 tubotympanic recess气腔形成 pneumatization 指上皮由鼓室长入并铺衬乳突腔的过程。外耳道栓 meatal plug外耳道闭锁 atresia of external acoustic meatus耳丘 auricular hillock, auricular tubercle 又称“耳结节”。先天性耳聋 congenital deafness无耳 anotia 又称“无耳畸形”。指耳郭未发生。小耳 microtia, hypoplasia of auricle 又称“耳郭发育不全”。副耳郭 accessory auricle 又称“副耳廓”。耳郭附件 auricular appendage 又称“耳廓附件”。由副耳郭结节发育成的额外结构。先天性耳郭囊肿 congenital auricular cyst 由第一鳃裂残存而成。先天性耳凹 congenital auricular pit耳窦 auricular sinus先天性耳前瘘 congenital preauricular fistula先天性镫骨固定 congenital fixation of stapes膜颅 desmocranium软骨颅 chondrocranium脏颅 viscerocranium, splanchnocranium 又称“咽颅”。脑颅 neurocranium 又称“神经颅”。眶颅 orbitocranium骨颅 osteocranium颅梁 trabecula cranium(拉)垂体软骨 hypophyseal cartilage索旁软骨 parachordal cartilage耳囊软骨 otic capsule cartilage枕生骨节 occipital sclerotome鼻囊软骨 nasal capsule cartilage枕软骨 occipital cartilage麦克尔软骨 meckel cartilage赖歇特软骨 reichert cartilage 又称“舌弓软骨”。翼方软骨 pterygoquadrate cartilage耳囊 otic capsule眼囊 optic capsule枕外软骨 exoccipital cartilage囟[门] fontanelle前外侧囟 anterolateral fontanelle,sphenoid fontanelle 又称“蝶囟”。后外侧囟 posterolateral fontanelle,mastoid fontanelle 又称“乳突囟”。翼状层 pterygoid lamina软骨发育不全 chondrodysplasia短颈畸形 brevicollis, klippel-feil syndrome 又称“克利佩尔-费尔综合征”。隐性脊柱裂 spina bifida occulta(拉)脊柱裂 rachischisis副肋 accessory rib融合肋 fused rib半脊椎 hemivertebra脊柱侧凸 scoliosis胸骨裂 cleft sternum无颅盖 acrania颅裂 cranioschisis颅缝早闭 craniosynostosis舟状头 scaphocephaly尖形头 oxycephaly,turricephaly斜形头 plagiocephaly小头 microcephaly肌管 myotube肌原细胞 myogenous cell, myoblast 又称“生肌细胞”、“成肌细胞”。鳃弓肌 branchial muscle枕[部]肌节 occipital myotome耳前肌节 preotic myotome眶[部]肌节 orbital myotome颈[部]肌节 cervical myotome腰[部]肌节 lumbar myotome尾[部]肌节 caudal myotome体壁肌节 body wall myotome上肢肌节 upper limb myotome下肢肌节 lower limb myotome轴上躯干肌 epiaxial muscle轴下躯干肌 hypaxial muscle尿[生]殖窦括约肌 urogenital sinus sphincter肢芽 limb bud鳍状肢芽 flipper-like limb bud桨状手板 paddle-shaped hand plate桨状足板 paddle-shaped foot plate蹼状趾 webbed toe分离指 separated finger分离趾 separated toe无肢 amelia残肢 meromelia半肢 hemimelia四肢不全 peromelia缺肢 ectromelia短肢 phocomelia 又称“海豹肢”。并肢 synpodia裂手 cleft hand裂足 cleft foot虾爪状畸形 lobster-claw deformity畸形手 clubhand畸形足 clubfoot桡骨缺如 absence of radius小形指 microdactyly小形趾 microdactyly短指 brachydactyly短趾 brachydactyly多指 polydactyly多趾 polydactyly并指 syndactyly并趾 syndactyly[重]复足 duplication of foot复拇指 duplication of the thumb马蹄内翻足 talipes equinovarus(拉)马蹄外翻足 talipes equinovalgus(拉)先天性髋关节脱臼 congenital dislocation of hip周皮 periderm角化珠 horny pearl毛芽 hair bud胎毛 lanugo [hair]毫毛 vellus(拉)胎脂 vernix caseosa(拉)甲小皮 nail cuticle终毛 terminal hair生毛基 germinal hair matrix生角质区 keratogenous zone 又称“成角质区”。色素痣 nevus(拉)胎斑 mongolian spot血管瘤 hemangioma白化病 albinism多毛症 hypertrichosis 胚胎发育造成胎毛儿多毛。无毛症 atrichosis, atrichia稀毛症 hypotrichosis先天性无发 congenital alopecia多乳房 multimammas, polymastia无乳房 amastia多乳头 supernumerary nipples过度角化[症] hyperkeratosis鱼鳞病 ichthyosis片层状鱼鳞癣 lamellar ichthyosis花斑胎 harlequin fetus角化不良症 dyskeratosis外胚层发育不良症 ectodermal dysplasia皮肤松弛症 cutis laxa皮样囊肿 dermoid cyst藏毛囊肿 pilar cyst多发性皮脂囊肿 steatocystoma multiplex(拉) 又称“皮脂囊肿病”。新生儿硬皮症 sclerema neonatorum(拉)胚胎工程 embryo engineering 应用卵、胚内基因转移，异源dna、染色体(组)、细胞质和核导入，?生殖工程 reproduction engineering 根据生殖规律对配子发生、成熟、排放、运行与获能等过程进行调控试管婴儿 test tube baby体外受精 in vitro fertilization体内受精 in vivo fertilization胚胎培养 embryo culture胚胎移植 embryo transfer, et阴道内培养 intravaginal culture, ivc “试管婴儿”的一种新方法，即体外受精和阴道内培养法。配子输卵管内移植 gamete intra-fallopian transfer, gift合子输卵管内移植 zygote intra-fallopian transfer, zift诱发排卵 induced ovulation超[数]排卵 superovulation优势卵泡 dominant follicle过熟卵泡 postmature follicle不排卵 anovulation卵冠丘复合体 oocyte-corona-cumulus complex, occc 由卵母细胞、放射冠、卵丘及粘液组成。冷藏精液 cryopreserved semen 又称“精子库”。冷藏胚胎 cryopreserved embryo 又称“胚胎库”。供卵 donor egg精子穿卵试验 egg penetration test 人精子穿入脱透明带的金黄地鼠卵子的试验。夫精人工授精 artificial insemination by husband, aih他精人工授精 artificial insemination by donor, aid宫内人工授精 intrauterine insemination, iui转化基因 transformed gene转化克隆 transformed clone转化体 transformant转基因动物 transgenic animal卵核分裂 ookinesis同核体 homokaryon异核体 heterokaryon镶嵌杂种 mosaic hybrid种间杂交 intervarietal hybridization胚胎融合 embryo fusion父性表型 patromorph母性表型 matromorph同源异形 homoeosis同源异形突变体 homoeotic mutant